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      6.33.&nbsp;Bash-4.4
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        Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0
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      <h3>
        第六章&nbsp;安装基本系统软件
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      <h1 class="sect1">
        <a id="ch-system-bash" name="ch-system-bash"></a>6.33. Bash-4.4
      </h1>
      <div class="package" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
        <p>
          Bash 软件包，包含 Bourne-Again SHell。
        </p>
        <div class="segmentedlist">
          <div class="seglistitem">
            <div class="seg">
              <strong class="segtitle">预计构建时间：</strong>
              <span class="segbody">1.7 SBU</span>
            </div>
            <div class="seg">
              <strong class="segtitle">所需磁盘空间：</strong>
              <span class="segbody">56 MB</span>
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      <div class="installation" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
        <h2 class="sect2">
          6.33.1. 安装 Bash
        </h2>
        <p>
          合并一些上游的补丁：
        </p>
        <pre class="userinput">
<kbd class="command">patch -Np1 -i ../bash-4.4-upstream_fixes-1.patch</kbd>
</pre>
        <p>
          准备编译 Bash：
        </p>
        <pre class="userinput">
<kbd class="command">./configure --prefix=/usr                       \
            --docdir=/usr/share/doc/bash-4.4 \
            --without-bash-malloc               \
            --with-installed-readline</kbd>
</pre>
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            <strong>新选项的含义：</strong>
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            <dt>
              <span class="term"><em class=
              "parameter"><code>--with-installed-readline</code></em></span>
            </dt>
            <dd>
              <p>
                这个选项让 Bash 使用已安装的 <code class="filename">readline</code> 库，而不是使用它自带的版本。
              </p>
            </dd>
          </dl>
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        <p>
          编译软件包：
        </p>
        <pre class="userinput">
<kbd class="command">make</kbd>
</pre>
        <p>
          如果不需要运行测试套件的话，跳至<span class="quote">&ldquo;<span class="quote">安装软件包</span>&rdquo;</span>部分继续。
        </p>
        <p>
          如要准备测试，请确保 <code class="systemitem">nobody</code> 用户能够写入源文件树：
        </p>
        <pre class="userinput">
<kbd class="command">chown -Rv nobody .</kbd>
</pre>
        <p>
          现在以 <code class="systemitem">nobody</code> 用户的身份运行测试：
        </p>
        <pre class="userinput">
<kbd class="command">su nobody -s /bin/bash -c "PATH=$PATH make tests"</kbd>
</pre>
        <p>
          安装软件包，并将主要的可执行文件移至 <code class="filename">/bin</code>:
        </p>
        <pre class="userinput">
<kbd class="command">make install
mv -vf /usr/bin/bash /bin</kbd>
</pre>
        <p>
          运行新编译的 <span class="command"><strong>bash</strong></span>（替换当前正在执行的那个）：
        </p>
        <pre class="userinput">
<kbd class="command">exec /bin/bash --login +h</kbd>
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        <div class="admon note">
          <img alt="[Note]" src="../images/note.png" />
          <h3>
            注意
          </h3>
          <p>
            这些参数使 <span class="command"><strong>bash</strong></span> 运行一个交互式的登录 shell，并暂时禁用文件校验，这样新文件一旦就位就能使用了。
          </p>
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      <div class="content" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
        <h2 class="sect2">
          <a id="contents-bash" name="contents-bash"></a>6.33.2. Bash 包含内容
        </h2>
        <div class="segmentedlist">
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            <div class="seg">
              <strong class="segtitle">安装的程序：</strong>
              <span class="segbody">bash，bashbug，和 sh （链接到 bash）</span>
            </div>
            <div class="seg">
              <strong class="segtitle">安装目录：</strong>
              <span class="segbody">/usr/share/doc/bash-4.4</span>
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            简介
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            <colgroup>
              <col align="left" valign="top" />
              <col />
            </colgroup>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="bash" name="bash"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>bash</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    一个被广泛使用的命令解释器；在执行特定命令行之前，它能够进行多种拓展和替换，这从而使之成为一个强大的工具。
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="bashbug" name="bashbug"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>bashbug</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    一个 shell 脚本，帮助用户撰写并发送标准格式的 <span class="command"><strong>bash</strong></span> 错误报告。
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="sh" name="sh"></a><span class="term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>sh</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    一个链接到 <span class="command"><strong>bash</strong></span> 的符号链接；若通过 <span class="command"><strong>sh</strong></span> 调用，<span class="command"><strong>bash</strong></span> 在启动时会尽量模仿老版本 <span class="command"><strong>sh</strong></span> 的行为，以便符合 POSIX 标准。
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